Braquioplastia em pacientes ex-obesos mórbidos submetidos a gastroplastia redutora / Brachioplasty after bariatric surgery

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença metabólica de prevalência crescente, sendo aobesidade mórbida uma condição crônica de difícil controle. A cirurgia bariátrica é umaforma de tratamento desta população, que tem como consequência um emagrecimentoacentuado, refletindo em dermocalásia de vários segmentos, alterando o contorno corporal.A braquioplastia foi descrita, em 1954, por Correa e Fernandez. No entanto, significantesinovações na técnica ocorreram na década de setenta, despertando novos interesses noassunto. Embora suportada por estudos e várias propostas técnicas, a braquioplastia podeapresentar em alguns casos resultados pouco satisfatórios. As maiores complicações estãorelacionadas a cicatriz patológica, deformidades de contorno do braço, edema persistentee possíveis lesões do sistema linfático. Método: Para avaliar o efeito da dermolipectomiabraquial na drenagem linfática dos membros superiores, estudaram-se nove pacientes, totalizando18 membros superiores. Estas foram submetidas ao exame linfocintilográfico nomomento pré-operatório, realizada a braquioplastia, e avaliado o exame linfocintilográficono pós-operatório seis meses. O critério de exclusão foi paciente com exame clínico oulinfocintilográfico alterado no pré-operatório. Os dezoito membros superiores avaliadosforam submetidos a análise estatística, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Oresultado foi estatisticamente significante, mostrando que o procedimento cirúrgico alteraa drenagem linfática dos membros superiores de acordo com as linfocintilografias, exameeste considerado padrão-ouro no estudo do sistema linfático.

Introduction: Obesity is a metabolic disease with an increased incidence, being morbidobesity a chronic condition of difficult control. The bariatric surgery is a form of treatment forthis group which leads to sizeable weight loss, hence reflecting in redundant tissue at severalbody segments, altering the body profile. The brachioplasty was firstly described in 1954 byCorrea and Fernandez. Nevertheless significant innovation in the technique have occurredin the seventies decade, gathering increased interest on this subject. Although supported bystudies and technical proposals, the brachioplasty may present in some cases, unsatisfactoryresults. The majority of the complications are related to scar sequelae, problems of shapingthe form of the arm, persistent swelling and likely injury to the lymphatic system. Methods:In order to appraise the dermolipectomy effect on lymphatic drainage of the arms, nine patientswere studied. They were evaluated by lymphoscintigraphy prior to surgery, submittedto the brachioplasty and again evaluated by lymphoscintigraphy, six month postoperative.The exclusion criteria were patients with altered clinic or lymphocintigraphy before surgery.The evaluated eighteen arms were the subject of statistic analysis with 5% significance level.Results: The result was statistically validated hence demonstrating the brachioplasty alterthe lymphatic drainage of the arms, according to lymphocintigraphy. This exam is a goldstandard to evaluate the lymphatic system.

Thighplasty after bariatric surgery: evaluation of lymphatic drainage in lower extremities.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery for morbid obesity achieves an accentuated weight loss, with skin and soft tissue redundancy in some corporal segments, including the thighs. The thigh lift is a plastic surgery that improves this redundant tissue in the medial thigh area, but this surgical procedure may have complications, such as inferior migration of the scar, delayed wound healing, vulvar distortion, and lymphatic system alterations. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of the thighplasty on the lymphatic system, 14 patients were prospectively included in this study. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed before thighplasty, and this result was compared to the new examination performed 6 months after thighplasty. The exclusion standards include patients with clinical alterations and abnormal lymphoscintigraphy in previous surgery. RESULTS: The statistical analysis was performed on 26 inferior members, according to exclusion standards. All the members had normal lymphoscintigraphy in the preoperative period. After thighplasty, eight members (30.8%) demonstrated abnormal lymphoscintigraphy (p = 0.008) resulting in significant functional and anatomic alterations in the lymphatic system. CONCLUSION: The thigh lift changes lymphatic drainage in lower extremities according to lymphoscintigraphy analyses.

Fatores preditivos de coledocolitíase em doentes com pancreatite aguda biliar / Predictors of choledocholithiasis in patients sustaining acute biliary pancreatitis

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o papel da fosfatase alcalina (FA), gama glutamiltransferase (gamaGT) e ultra-sonografia (US) como fatores preditivos de coledocolitíase em doentes com pancreatite aguda biliar (PAB). MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados prospectivamente durante um período de 31 meses. Quarenta doentes foram incluídos, sendo 30 mulheres, com média etária de 49 + 16 anos. Foram registrados os dados de todos os doentes com pancreatite aguda biliar. Aqueles doentes ictéricos e com a forma grave da doença foram excluídos. As dosagens de FA e GGT, assim como a US, eram realizadas na admissão e 48 horas antes da cirurgia. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à colangiografia intra-operatória (CIO) ou à colangiografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) pré-operatória, que era definida baseada na probabilidade de coledocolitíase. Com o intuito de identificar os indicadores de coledocolitíase, as variáveis foram comparadas entre os pacientes com ou sem coledocolitíase. Os testes t de Student, Qui-quadrado e Fisher foram empregados para a análise estatística, considerando-se p<0,05 como significativo. Os valores preditivos positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN) foram calculados para cada variável. RESULTADOS: Na US realizada à admissão, 15 doentes (37 por cento) apresentavam dilatação de vias biliares e cinco (12 por cento), coledocolitíase. Nos exames realizados 48 horas antes da colecistectomia, 34 doentes (85 por cento) apresentavam valores elevados de gamaGT e 16 (40 por cento) tinham FA acima do normal. Na segunda USG, nove doentes persistiam com dilatação das vias biliares e em três doentes eram vistos cálculos no colédoco. A CPRE pré-operatória foi indicada a 15 doentes (37 por cento). O maior VPP (55 por cento) foi atribuído à presença de dilatação de vias biliares na US pré-operatória, que também teve o maior VPN (96 por cento). CONCLUSAO: A dilatação das vias biliares na US realizada antes da colecistectomia foi o melhor indicador de coledocolitíase.

[Predictors of choledocholithiasis in patients sustaining acute biliary pancreatitis]. / Fatores preditivos de coledocolitíase em doentes com pancreatite aguda biliar.

BACKGROUND: To assess the role of alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamil-glutamyltransferase (gammaGT) and abdominal ultrasound (US) as predictors of choledocholithiasis in patients sustaining acute biliary pancreatitis. METHODS: Data was prospectively collected during a period of 31 months. Forty patients were included, 30 were female and the mean age was 49 +/- 16. All patients sustaining acute biliary pancreatitis were enrolled. Patients with clinical jaundice and severe pancreatitis were excluded. Serum content of AP and gGT as well as US were assessed at admission and 48 hours before cholecistectomy. All patients underwent intra-operative cholangiography (IOC) or pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP), which was indicated based on the odds of choledocholithiasis. In order to identify the predictors of choledocholithiasis, variables were compared between patients sustaining or not such alteration in cholangiography. Student t, Fisher and chi square tests were used for statistical analysis, considering p<0.05 as significant. Positive (PPV) and negative predictor values (NPV) were calculated for each variable. RESULTS: Upon admission, 15 (37%) patients sustained biliary tract dilatation and 5 (12%) choledocholithiasis at the US. Forty eight hours before the operation, 34 (85%) patients had altered levels of gGT and 16 (40%) of AP. Pre-operative US showed biliary tract dilatation in nine patients and choledocholithiasis in three. ERCP was performed in 15 (37%) cases. Higher PPV (55%) was attributed to pre-operative US, which had also a NPV of 96%. CONCLUSION: The best predictor of choledocholithiasis in patients sustaining mild acute pancreatitis was the biliary tract dilatation in pre-operative US.